After setting up an online discussion forum promoting free speech and liberalism, Saudi blogger Raif Badawi was sentenced to 10 years in prison and a 1,000 lashes; his forum was permanently shut down and the discussion threads in them deleted. In the writings that survived the purge, an image of a fearless thinker emerges.
In an interview published in August 2007 by the liberal website Afaaq, Badawi described himself: My commitment is to the advancement of civil society in my country, to reject any repression in the name of religion, to promote liberal enlightened Saudis whose primary objective is being active in civil society, a goal that we will reach in a peaceful and law-abiding way.
Writer and liberal activist Raif Badawi first set up the Saudi Liberals online discussion forum in 2006 to foster political and social debate about the role of religion in the kingdom. According to his wife, Ensaf Haidar, he considered the forum just the first step in a larger, more ambitious “intellectual project” whereby he hoped to bring together like-minded individuals in Saudi Arabia to promote the need for liberal reform. By 2008, Badawi’s forum had over a 1,000 registered and active members discussing religion, secularism, politics, and women’s rights; the eyes of the authorities were upon him.
In March of that year, he was detained on apostasy charges (which can carry a death sentence) and released after questioning. The government moved to shut down his website and they later banned him from traveling and froze his assets.
In 2009, Badawi created a new online forum, The Free Saudi Liberals Network, and wrote extensively on sensitive issues despite the Saudi government’s determination to suppress dissent.
On 17 June 2012, he was arrested again in Jeddah for his role in trying to organize a conference to mark a “day for Saudi liberals”. The conference, which was planned for 7 May, was banned by the authorities.
In July 2013, he was sentenced to seven years and three months in prison and 600 lashes on charges of “founding a liberal website”, “adopting liberal thought” and “insulting Islam”. The Free Saudi Liberals website was subsequently shut down.
Badawi’s lawyer and brother-in-law Waleed Abulkhair – now serving a 15-year prison sentence himself – appealed the decision, but on 7 May 2014, Jeddah’s Criminal Court increased Badawi’s sentence to 10 years in prison, 1000 lashes and a fine of 1 million Saudi Riyals (approx. US$266,631). He was also given a 10-year travel ban and a 10-year ban on participating in audio, electronic and written media. Raif’s sister, women’s human rights defender Samar Badawi, was also detained in July 2018 and served a three year sentence for sharing information about Saudi women’s rights with international organizations, before finally being released in June 2021.
On 7 June 2015, the Saudi Supreme Court upheld his sentence, leaving no room for appeal. “The only real chance to have him freed would be a royal pardon by King Salman,” said Amnesty spokesperson Nicolas Krameyer at the time. Today, with Mohammad Bin Salman viewed as the ‘power behind the throne’, campaigners are appealing to him.
Badawi received the first set of 50 lashes on 9 January 2015; subsequent sessions scheduled to take place weekly have been continuously postponed because of concerns for his health. Badawi’s wife wrote a letter to King Salman on the third anniversary of Badawi’s arrest, pleading with him to stay his punishment of 1000 lashes and to pardon her husband. This has always been an urgent matter as Badawi is known to have health problems, including hypertension.
International support for Badawi has not waned. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Union leaders and U.S. political leaders have spoken against his incarceration. Amnesty International and PEN Canada have campaigned for his case and millions of protesters, activists, and journalists around the world have called for his immediate and unconditional release.
He is the recipient of many awards, including the One Humanity Award from PEN Canada, the Sakharov Prize 2015 from the European Parliament, the Prix Voltaire from the IPA Freedom to Publish committee, and the Freedom of Speech Award from Deutsche Welle.
In January 2021, Canada’s House of Commons voted unanimously for a motion calling on the Trudeu government to grant Badawi Canadian citizenship, in an effort to offer the imprisoned dissident access to new legal protections, consular services in Saudi Arabia, and a chance to potentially reunite with his wife and three children that have resided in Canada since 2014.
After a decade behind bars, Badawi was released in March 2022, but remains confined in Saudi Arabia under a 10-year travel ban and is prohibited from expressing his opinions freely online.
Illustration by Florian Nicolle
