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![Thousands of Catalonian people call for the Independence of Catalonia in a demonstration in Brussels,Belgium, 7 December 2017, Thierry Monasse/Getty Images](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-catalonia-jordi-sanchez-cuixart-getty.jpg)
PEN International visits jailed Catalan civil society leaders
This statement was originally published on pen-international.org on 8 August 2018. On 7 August 2018, Carles Torner, Executive Director of PEN International, visited civil society leaders Jordi Cuixart and Jordi Sànchez, currently held in Lledoners prison near Barcelona, at the request of a family member. They have been held in pre-trial detention since 16 October […]
![Students of Rey Juan Carlos University call for the resignation of Cristina Cifuentes and for the rector of the university, Javier Ramos, in Madrid, Spain, 12 April 2018, Marcos del Mazo/LightRocket via Getty Images](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain-criminal-defamation-journalists-cifuentes-protest-getty.jpg)
Spanish officials are filing criminal defamation charges to intimidate journalists
Spain is one of a handful of European countries that still retain criminal libel law; politicians and public officials involved in corruption scandals are exploiting this legislation in an attempt to stop reporters exposing their misdeeds.
![People protesting with a sign that reads "freedom of expression" after rapper Valtonyc was convicted for the lyrics of his songs, in Madrid, Spain, 23 February 2018, Marcos del Mazo/LightRocket via Getty Images](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-valtonyc-free-speech-rapper-getty.jpg)
Terrorism laws are threatening freedom of expression in Spain
Vague bans on glorification of terrorism and insulting the monarchy have ensnared a growing number of artists and social media users.
![Gagged individuals protest against the Spanish Citizen Security Law, or "Gag Law", demanding its abolition, in Madrid, 7 May 2016, Marcos del Mazo/Pacific Press/LightRocket via Getty Images](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-gag-law-protest-getty.jpg)
State of free expression deteriorated in Spain in 2017
Spain’s ‘gag law’ was used to fine journalists while rappers and Twitter users were prosecuted.
![Journalists work in the press workroom as now deposed Catalan President Carles Puigdemont addresses the Catalan parliament in Barcelona, Spain, 10 October 2017 , AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-catalonia-attacks-media-puidgmont-ap.jpg)
Catalonia’s alarming free expression climate
As the regional election draws near, concerns grow over reports of unprecedented levels of harassment and violence against journalists.
![Civil guards clear people away from the entrance of a sports center, assigned to be a polling station by the Catalan government, in Sant Julia de Ramis, near Girona, Spain, 1 October 2017, AP Photo/Francisco Seco](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain-catalonia-police-excessive-force-ap.jpg)
Spain: Police used excessive force in Catalonia
HRW has found that Spanish police engaged in excessive force when confronting demonstrators in Catalonia during a disputed referendum, using batons to hit non-threatening protestors and causing multiple injuries.
![Joseba Asiron, Mayor of the city of Pamplona, votes in a mock ballot box covered with the ''estelada'' or Catalonia independence flag during a gathering to protest the judicial and police operation against the planned 1 October referendum; photo taken on 22 September 2017, Plaza del Ayuntamiento square in Pamplona, northern Spain, AP/Alvaro Barrientos](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-crackdown-catalonia-referendum-pamplona-protest-ap.jpg)
.cat domain a casualty in Catalonian independence crackdown
The seizure of .cat domains is a worrying signal that the Spanish government places its own interests in quelling the Catalonian independence movement above the human rights of its citizens to access a free and open Internet.
![A man passes an Interpol logo, in Singapore, 30 September 2014, REUTERS/Edgar Su/File Photo](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-turkey-journalist-interpol-reuters.jpg)
Journalist Hamza Yalçin still held in Spain under Turkish request to Interpol
Reporters Without Borders (RSF) reiterates its appeal to the Spanish authorities not to extradite Hamza Yalçin to Turkey. A Swedish journalist of Turkish origin, Yalçin will complete his 50th day in detention in Spain on 22 September 2017.
![Baltasar Garzon takes part in the "Estoril Conferences - Global Challenges, Local Answers" event in Estoril, Portugal, 30 May 2017, REUTERS/Rafael Marchante](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/spain-turkey-judge-garzon-hamza-yalcin-reuters.jpg)
Judge Baltasar Garzón to defend Swedish-Turkish journalist Hamza Yalçin
Yalçin, 59, a citizen of Sweden, is being held in custody in Spain after being arrested on 3 August at the Barcelona airport in compliance with an international detention order issued by Turkey – a country with as many as 157 journalists and media workers currently behind bars.
![People gather outside Catalonia's high court as regional acting President Artur Mas arrives for questioning over his suspected role in holding a poll in Barcelona, Spain, 15 October 2015, AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain-catalonia-independence-referendum-ap.jpg)
Why free expression advocates should pay attention to Catalonia’s referendum
On 1 October 2017, the autonomous region of Catalonia will hold a historic referendum on whether to declare independence from Spain. Cathal Sheerin spoke with Cinta Arasa – novelist, independence activist and board member of the Catalan PEN centre – about the repercussions for political free expression.
![Rapper Cesar Strawberry appears on Rojoynegro Tv in April 2016; he was convicted in Spain on charges of "glorifying terrorism", Rojoynegro Tv/Wikipedia](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain_cesar_strawberry_wikipedia.jpg)
The threat of “glorifying terrorism” laws
Can Europeans be sentenced to jail for vague references to terrorism? It already happened. And it is a trend that threatens to spread throughout Europe.
![Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo warms up before a soccer match in Madrid, 6 November 2016, AP Photo/Daniel Ochoa de Olza](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain_ronaldo_8dec2016_apimages.jpg)
Twelve European newspapers gagged over “Football Leaks”
A Spanish judge has ordered 12 European newspapers to stop publishing information about the “Football Leaks” – revelations about alleged tax fraud by professional footballers, including Real Madrid’s Cristiano Ronaldo.
![Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo warms up before a soccer match in Madrid, 6 November 2016, AP Photo/Daniel Ochoa de Olza](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain_ronaldo_8dec2016_apimages.jpg)
Twelve European newspapers gagged over “Football Leaks”
A Spanish judge has ordered 12 European newspapers to stop publishing information about the “Football Leaks” – revelations about alleged tax fraud by professional footballers, including Real Madrid’s Cristiano Ronaldo.
![Wikipedia](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/teresa_toda_wikipedia__703x527.jpg)
An interview with Teresa Toda
Now in her sixties, journalist and activist Teresa Toda is a supporter of peaceful self-determination for the Basque region. One of 30 journalists prosecuted on terrorism-related charges, she was imprisoned in 2007. She now campaigns for free expression and prisoners’ rights. Cathal Sheerin, a writer and journalist with a particular interest in human rights in Latin America and Europe, interviewed her for IFEX.
![Link to: Gag law lands first strike on free expression in Spain](https://ifex.org/wp-content/themes/ifex/assets/images/placeholder.png)
Gag law lands first strike on free expression in Spain
In March, Axier López became the first journalist fined by Spain’s central government for taking photographs of a police officer.
![A man holds up a sign that reads "no to gag law" during a protest in Gijon, 30 June 2015, REUTERS/Eloy Alonso](https://ifex.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/spain_leymordaza_gijon_20july2015_reuters.jpg)
Concerns over Spain’s “gag law” highlighted in press freedom mission report
This piece forms part of a reporting series on an international high-level press freedom mission to Spain led by IPI in June 2015. In this piece, Professor Katrin Nyman Metcalf, an independent member of the mission, reflects on critical legislative changes, including Spain’s new Public Security Law, many of which took effect on July 1.