International Press Institute (IPI)

The murder of photojournalist Rubén Espinosa in Mexico City on July 31 was devastating for the many Mexican journalists who have sought refuge in the streets of the capital, fleeing from death threats in their home states.

The court ruled that a 2014 amnesty applies to Mazen Darwish’s case and that of his colleagues. The decision will become final in 30 days.

Former Al Jazeera English Cairo Bureau Chief Mohamed Fahmy, journalist Peter Greste and producer Baher Mohamed were sentenced on charges of practicing journalism without government permission and for spreading “false news”.

While not legally binding, the manual poses a risk to global press freedom: Its abstruse instructions may be misunderstood by U.S. commanders as carte blanche to stop journalists from disseminating information.

Encryption is widely used by investigative journalists to protect the identity of sources and the integrity of communication with those sources. These tools have been at the centre of public debate since Edward Snowden’s revelations on mass electronic surveillance came to light.

Dozens of Iranian journalists, bloggers, and human rights, social and political activists unknown to the outside world still languish in Iranian prisons.

Gleydson Carvalho was shot five times by two gunmen while he presented a live show on August 6 in the northeastern city of Camocim, news reports said. Carvalho was known for reporting on government corruption at Radio Liberdade FM station.

Renowned Syrian journalist Mazen Darwish was freed on 10 August 2015 after spending nearly three-and-a-half years behind bars in his home country on spurious terrorism charges.